WattPal Case Study & Empirical Research
Case Study: What 35,040 Smart Meter Intervals Reveal About Texas Electricity Traps
Most Texas electricity comparison sites rank plans using three static snapshot numbers: 500, 1,000, and 2,000 kWh. Here is what happens when you compare live retail plans against a real household's actual 15-minute interval data over a full 12-month calendar year.
Published Oct 5, 2026 · By WattPal Editorial Team · Based on verified Smart Meter Texas interval exports.
35,040
15-minute interval readings analyzed
17,040
Annual kWh consumed (avg 1,420 kWh/mo)
+$386
Bill-credit penalty vs. plain flat rate
+$602
Free-nights penalty vs. plain flat rate
1. The Household Profile and 15-Minute Interval Dataset
To demonstrate the vast discrepancy between advertised rates and real-world costs, WattPal analyzed an anonymized full-year interval usage dataset from a single-family suburban home located in the Oncor Electric Delivery territory (North Texas / Dallas-Fort Worth area).
Household Characteristics:
- • Dwelling: 3-bedroom, 2,200 sq. ft. home with standard dual HVAC heat pumps and electric appliances.
- • Data Source: Official Smart Meter Texas interval CSV export (format:
Energy Data 15 Min Interval). - • Volume: 35,040 consecutive 15-minute readings over 365 calendar days (no synthetic gap-filling).
- • Total Annual Consumption: 17,040 kWh (annual monthly mean: 1,420 kWh).
- • Seasonal Swings: Mild shoulder months dropped to 850–980 kWh (April/May/October), while intense summer cooling pushed July and August above 2,100 kWh.
You can inspect the full interactive report for this household in our public 3-Bedroom House Sample Results.
2. The Three Common Plans Tested
When shopping on public comparison portals like Power to Choose or through commission-based broker sites, the homeowner was presented with three distinct product categories, each claiming to be the most cost-effective choice:
Tiered Bill Credit
Advertised as 10.4¢/kWh at 1,000 kWh. Offers a $95 bill credit, but only if monthly usage falls strictly between 1,000 and 2,000 kWh. Outside that window: $0 credit.
Time-of-Use (TOU)
Advertised with Free Electricity (9 PM – 6 AM). Energy charge is 0¢ during night hours, but charges a steep 21.8¢/kWh retail rate for daytime hours.
Flat Fixed-Rate
Advertised at 12.86¢/kWh. No bill credits, no tiered thresholds, no time games. A flat 5.99¢/kWh retail energy charge plus standard Oncor TDU delivery pass-through (6.8673¢/kWh + $4.06/month).
3. The Verdict: Advertised vs. Actual 12-Month Cost
When all 35,040 actual fifteen-minute intervals are run through the exact tariff calculations under PUCT Substantive Rule §25.475, the ranked reality flips the advertised comparison on its head:
| Plan Type | Advertised 1,000 kWh Rate | Actual Annual Cost | True Effective Rate | Outcome vs. Flat Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plan C: Plain Fixed Rate | 12.86¢ / kWh | $2,192.14 | 12.86¢ / kWh | Cheapest (Winner) |
| Plan A: Tiered Bill Credit | 10.40¢ / kWh | $2,578.40 | 15.13¢ / kWh | +$386.26 (+17.6%) |
| Plan B: Free Nights (TOU) | "Free Nights" teaser | $2,794.32 | 16.40¢ / kWh | +$602.18 (+27.5%) |
Rates incorporate Oncor Electric Delivery regulated tariffs ($4.06/month base customer fee + 6.8673¢/kWh pass-through) active as of October 2026.
4. Trap #1: Why the Bill-Credit Plan Cost $386 More
On paper, Plan A looked like the absolute winner: an enticing advertised rate of 10.4¢/kWh at 1,000 kWh, backed by an apparent $95 monthly credit. Because the home's annual average was 1,420 kWh per month—comfortably inside the 1,000–2,000 kWh bracket—a simplistic calculator told the homeowner they would save hundreds.
In real life, electricity bills are calculated month by month, not on an annual average. In 6 out of 12 months, the household completely missed the credit:
Spring & Fall Under-Usage (Missed by <80 kWh)
In April (920 kWh), May (960 kWh), October (940 kWh), and November (980 kWh), mild weather kept AC demand low. Because usage sat just below the 1,000 kWh cliff, the credit was $0. The effective rate surged to 19.8¢/kWh.
Summer Heat Wave Over-Usage (Busted 2,000 kWh Cap)
In July (2,120 kWh) and August (2,250 kWh), severe Texas heat pushed usage past the 2,000 kWh upper threshold. Exceeding the cap voided the credit entirely. Instead of $95 off during their highest bills, they received $0 in credits.
Out of 12 potential credits worth $1,140, the homeowner only captured $570. While the household missed out on $570 in expected credits, differences in the underlying base energy rates resulted in a net penalty of $386.26 over the flat-rate plan—a hidden cost that generic comparison tools never warned them about. Read our comprehensive analysis in the Texas Electricity Bill-Credit Traps Guide.
5. Trap #2: Why Free Nights Cost $602 More
Plan B offered completely free energy charges between 9 PM and 6 AM. The provider's marketing suggested that families who "shift laundry and dishwashing to night" save big. What happened when we binned all 35,040 actual 15-minute readings into daytime vs. night hours?
Measured Interval Breakdown:
Daytime Hours (6 AM – 9 PM)
68.6% (11,689 kWh)
Charged at 21.8¢ energy + 6.87¢ Oncor delivery = 28.67¢/kWh total.
Free Night Hours (9 PM – 6 AM)
31.4% (5,351 kWh)
Energy was $0, but Oncor delivery charges (6.87¢/kWh) still applied on every kWh.
Because 68.6% of this home's electricity was used during daytime hours—cooling the house during Texas afternoons, working from home, cooking dinner—the family was penalized heavily on nearly 11,700 kWh. The modest nighttime savings were completely erased by the premium daytime rate. To learn about break-even thresholds, explore our Are Free-Nights Plans Worth It? Guide.
6. When Does Time-of-Use Actually Make Sense?
When High Daytime Rates Get Offset
Does a free-nights plan ever win? Yes—but only when a household can legitimately shift more than 35% to 40% of their total monthly consumption into the overnight window. For example, homes with heavy overnight EV charging (commuting 40+ miles/day) or home battery storage systems (such as home solar batteries) can push nighttime usage above 50%, flipping free-nights plans into genuine money-savers.
To see how the numbers change for a nighttime-heavy home, review our interactive Sample Free-Nights Results (EV Charging Household), where the free-nights plan saves $88/year over flat rates.
7. The Core Problem: Why Generic Averages Deceive
Under Texas regulations, retail electricity providers must disclose estimated rates at exactly 500, 1,000, and 2,000 kWh per month on their Electricity Facts Label (EFL). Unscrupulous providers game these disclosure benchmarks:
- • Crafted Benchmark Optics: Retailers calibrate bill credits to trigger precisely at 1,000 kWh so their plan ranks #1 on comparison sites sorted by "lowest rate."
- • Ignoring Real Curves: Real Texas homes never consume exactly 1,000 kWh twelve months in a row. Weather variability guarantees that seasonal usage swings outside artificial credit windows.
- • Hiding Delivery Pass-Throughs: Regulated TDU delivery charges (such as Oncor's 6.8673¢/kWh) apply to every unit of electricity and are frequently downplayed in marketing materials.
To see how WattPal continuously extracts and audits over 750 live EFLs, read our technical overview in Under the Hood: How WattPal Analyzes Plans.
Independent & Unbiased: The $9.99 One-Time Model
Comparison sites that offer "free" recommendations routinely accept broker kickbacks of $100 to $150 per enrolled customer. That business model forces them to steer consumers toward high-commission retail electric providers rather than the lowest actual cost.
WattPal charges a transparent, one-time fee of $9.99 (or $4.99 with code FALL50). We accept $0 in retail provider commissions, display zero advertisements, and use strictly verified mathematical calculations to protect Texas homeowners.
Editorial Methodology & Data Sources
This case study is based on an anonymized 12-month interval dataset exported from Smart Meter Texas containing 35,040 consecutive 15-minute readings. Plan terms, energy charges, base monthly fees, and credit thresholds were extracted from binding Electricity Facts Labels (EFL) governed by the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT) §25.475 disclosure rules. Delivery charges reflect certified Oncor Electric Delivery residential delivery tariffs ($4.06 per billing period base charge plus 6.8673¢ per kWh pass-through) active as of October 2026. Computations utilize exact decimal arithmetic applied to distinct calendar monthly billing periods.
Run your own 15-minute interval usage audit
Upload your Smart Meter Texas CSV export. WattPal simulates every active fixed-rate plan in your utility area across your exact historical intervals for a one-time $9.99 analysis (or $4.99 with code FALL50).
Need help downloading your data? Read our Smart Meter Texas CSV guide, inspect individual plan labels with our EFL Inspector, or visit the Guides hub.